Saturday, June 25, 2011

#Radioactive Tea in Shizuoka: Shizuoka City Mayor Launches "We Are Drinking Teas Made in Shizuoka City" Campaign

The Oxford PhD governor of Shizuoka has found a strong ally in the 49-year-old mayor of Shizuoka City.

The tea that the French authorities seized at the airport in Paris for high cesium level exceeding the safety limit by more than 100% came from Shimizu-ku in Shizuoka City.

Undeterred, Mayor Nobuhiro Tanabe has gone on the offensive. He said on June 23 that he will launch a campaign titled "We Are Drinking 'Teas Made in Shizuoka City'". He intends to work closely with the city's tea industry and force, oops, promote the teas made in Shizuoka City to consumers.

Again, radiation is a rumor, baseless rumor in Shizuoka, and in many, many places. Why is it so hard to see that if, say 300 becquerels/kg of radioactive cesium is found in the tea, even if the amount is below Japan's loose provisional standard of 500 becquerels/kg, the tea is radioactive by definition? In Shizuoka City's case, it was over 1000 becquerels/kg.

Drink away, mayor. But don't force others to drink with you and do study some science.

Mainichi Shinbun Regional (Shizuoka) Version (6/24/2011):

静岡市葵区と清水区内の製茶から、暫定規制値を超える放射性セシウムが検出されたことを受け、静岡市の田辺信宏市長は23日、「私たちは、『静岡市 のお茶』を飲んでいます」プロジェクトを始めることを明らかにした。田辺市長は、「市産のお茶を積極的に飲むことで、風評被害を払しょくしていきたい」と 話した。  同プロジェクトでは、行政と市産業界が一体となって、市産のお茶の購入と飲用を推進する。また、賛同者の氏名をインターネット上で公表し、静岡茶の愛飲者の輪を広げていくという。

In response to radioactive cesium that was detected in the tea made in Aoi-ku and Shimizu-ku in Shizuoka City [in Shizuoka Prefecture], Nobuhiro Tanabe, major of Shizuoka City said he will launch a new project named "We Are Drinking 'Teas Made in Shizuoka City'". The mayor wants to "wipe out the baseless rumors by drinking the teas made in the City". In this project, the municipal government and the city's tea industry will promote the sales and consumption of the teas made in Shizuoka City to consumers. They will also publish the names of those who support the project on the internet as Shizuoka tea lovers.

#Fukushima I Nuke Plant: Radioactive Strontium from Ocean Soil Off the Plant

Strontium-89 and strontium-90 have been detected in soil and ocean water, but for the first time they have been detected in ocean soil 3 kilometers off the coast where Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant is located. The samples from 2 locations were taken on June 2.

The Ministry of Education and Science have announced the detection of radioactive cesium from the ocean soil, but has been silent about strontium.

Strontium-89 (half-life 51 days) was detected at 140 becquerels/kg at one location (off Minami-Soma City), 42 becquerels/kg at the other (off Naraha-machi). Strontium-90 (half-life 29 year) was detected at 44 becquerels/kg at one location, 10 becquerels/kg at the other.

There is no safety standard set for radioactive strontium. The amount detected in regular sampling surveys from 1999 to 2008 at Fukushima II (not I) was ND (not detected) to 0.17 becquerel/kg.

The survey also detected a minute amount of plutonium-239+plutonium-240.

Clearly, no one cares any more in Japan. No major news outlet carried the news, not at least on line. The only paper that carried this news was the Japan Communist Party's newspaper, Akahata (red flag).

Here's TEPCO's press release on June 25, 2011:

#Fukushima I Nuke Accident: TEPCO Created Radiation Dispersion Simulation Maps on March 12

TEPCO faxed them to the government, Fukushima Prefecture, and two towns where Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant is located. The government and Fukushima Prefecture didn't bother to tell anyone else.

TEPCO's Tokyo headquarters did the simulation clearly using their own software, faxed the results back to the plant who then faxed those maps, along with the plant status data and radiation monitoring data (as much as they could get at that time) to:

  • The Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry;

  • Governor of Fukushima Prefecture;

  • Mayors of Ookuma-machi and Futaba-machi.

The simulation is in the 11,000 documents that the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, regulatory agency for the nuclear industry under the METI, suddenly decided to dump onto the public on June 24, after NHK somehow obtained part of the documents and made a news story out of it on June 22. (The news story linked is in Japanese. More later.)

TEPCO was assuming the release of noble gas (xenon, krypton, probably) and iodine. This map is one of the several that was sent out by fax, and the simulation date and time was March 11, 2011 at 11:50PM, assuming the release of radioactive materials from the exhaust tower for the Reactors 1 and 2. This map is on page 10 of the March 12 file that NISA dumped on June 24.


The release of radioactive materials was based on the assumptions as follows (handwritten note on page 6 of the March 12 file released by NISA):

Secondary [?] vent of the Reactor 2 Dry Well
"Severe Accident" with fuel damage
Capacity of Dry Well plus Suppression Chamber = 6930 cubic meters
Pressure dropping from 8 atmospheric pressure to 1 atmospheric pressure
Wind direction: north by northeast
Wind speed: 1.2 meter per second
Atmospheric stability: F [no idea what that means; "fair"?]
Amount of radiation and direction:

1 hour after the release: noble gas 26 mSv, SE 0.28 km
3 hours after the release: 50 mSv, S 4.29 km
5 hours after the release: 50 mSv, S 4.29 km

So, TEPCO assumed from the beginning that it was a "severe accident".

The simulation was for the body dose equivalent internal radiation for adults for the total of 18 locations, but it is hard to see on the map as it was faxed multiple times before it was scanned.

Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant faxed this map to the above recipients at 3:35AM JST, March 12, 2011.

At the bottom, it looks to me to be saying "amount of noble gas released: 6.01E+17 becquerels", or 6.01 x 10^17, or 601,000,000,000,000,000 becquerels or 601,000 terabequerels.

We know that the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and the NISA sat on these maps, the Fukushima prefectural government sat on them, and TEPCO didn't release them as it was not in their capacity to release to the general public. The company released them to the affected municipalities, or at least 2 of them.

Okuma-machi and Futaba-machi acted on the data, and informed the residents to evacuate using the emergency broadcasting system. We weren't told back then that the towns had this information when they evacuated the residents.

If you recall, it was only in mid May that the government decided to release the early simulations by SPEEDI.

The NISA would probably have continued to sit on them if it were not for the NHK news story.


So, where's the outrage in Japan against their government? I see a lot of anger against TEPCO, but the evidence suggests that the anger should be directed far more to the government.

#Fukushima I Nuke Plant: Reactor 2's Pressure Gauge Still Doesn't Work

Bad juju continues at Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant. The temporary pressure gauge that the workers braved the high radiation to set up on June 22 in the Reactor 2's reactor building are not working properly, and TEPCO is unable to confirm the water level inside the Reactor Pressure Vessel, or whether there's any water inside.

From NHK World English (6/25/2011):

The operator of the crippled Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant says it still cannot obtain accurate data on the water level and pressure of the Number 2 reactor. It says a provisional measuring device installed earlier this week is not operating properly.

Tokyo Electric Power Company believes that readings by the original device are incorrect due to damage suffered in the March disaster.

Workers at the utility company entered the Number 2 reactor building and installed the provisional gauge on Wednesday. The company initially planned to have the gauge begin providing data on Thursday.

But it says as of Saturday, the device is not yet working properly.

TEPCO says this is because the temperature near the reactor containment vessel is so high that water inside the device's pipes has evaporated.

Fuel meltdowns are believed to have occurred at the Number 1 through Number 3 reactors, leading to a possibility that there is little water left inside the Number 2 reactor.

Accurate measurement of the water level is essential for ensuring stable cooling of the reactor.

The utility is struggling to find ways to activate the device.

Just like AP's article, NHK World continues to talk about "cooling of the reactor" as if the fuel is still inside the reactor. NHK also says "fuel meltdowns", as if it were only fuel that melted down. Maybe it's the peculiarity of the Japanese language, of avoiding to use precise words out of politeness or tact, but in this nuclear accident it has served to obfuscate the situation and strangely mollify people's fear, delaying proper response.

Now we've heard news on the Reactors 1, 2 and 3 in recent days. Haven't heard much about the Reactor 4. Another minor thing I've noticed is that TEPCO has stopped disclosing the survey map (aka "contamination map") of the plant. The last one posted on TEPCO's site is dated June 5. It's been issued every week since March 23.

Friday, June 24, 2011

TEPCO President's Golden Parachute: Over 7 Million Dollars

TEPCO's President Masataka Shimizu will resign on June 28 when TEPCO holds the annual shareholders' meeting with a very rich severance package, if what's circulating on Twitter in Japan is correct.

The message is that the TEPCO's president will receive about 600,000,000 yen, or about US$7.46 million.

It's the same no matter where - US or Japan; the incompetence is rewarded, and rewarded very richly as long as you are part of the "ruling class" - politicians, top executives at major corporations with strong connections with the government.

Shimizu, not an engineer, has been known for the relentless cost-cutting at TEPCO, which contributed to the bottom line for the shareholders. Never mind if some of his cost cutting measures may have contributed to the worst nuclear disaster that Japan has ever seen.

#Fukushima I Nuke Plant: TEPCO Cannot Confirm Identities of 37 Workers

TEPCO was so desperate to recruit workers for Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant that it hired people who didn't even "exist". Or rather, workers used pseudonyms at Fukushima I so that they could keep working at other nuke plants later without the radiation limit restricting them from working elsewhere.

Mainichi Shinbun Japanese (6/24/2011) reports that 37 of 69 workers whom TEPCO cannot trace after they stopped working at the plant used bogus names.

東京電力は24日、福島第1原発で3月に作業に従事し、内部被ばく線量が未測定のまま連絡の取れない69人のうち、実在するかどうかが確認できない作業員が37人に上ると発表した。

TEPCO haven't been able to contact 69 workers who worked at Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant in March and whose internal radiation levels haven't been measured. On June 24, the company announced that 37 workers out of 69 cannot be confirmed even to exist.

 東電の松本純一原子力・立地本部長代理は「(被ばく線量が増え、作業に従事できなくなるのを防ぐため)別の名前を使った可能性が否定できない」としている。

TEPCO's Junichi Matsumoto said, "We can't rule out the possibility that those workers used pseudonyms to hide the level of radiation exposure so that they could work at other nuclear power plants [after their work at Fukushima I]."

 37人はいずれも協力企業の社員などとして登録していたが、東電が各社に照会しても存在が確認できなかった。

All 37 workers were registered as employees of TEPCO affiliate companies. But TEPCO couldn't confirm that the workers existed when the company contacted its affiliate companies.

TEPCO's affiliate companies include large manufacturers like Toshiba, Hitachi and Kandenko. They each hire subcontractors, who then hire their own subcontractors, all the way down to at least 5, 6 layers. At the bottom of the subcontracting pyramid, they are often one-man operations that find willing workers, even from far-away places like Okinawa (video is in Japanese), where there is no nuke plant.

Made-In-Japan Robot "Quince" Joined the Also-Failed at #Fukushima I Nuke Plant

Kurion's water treatment system underperformed by a vast margin, T-Hawk crashed on the roof of the Reactor 2 building, and now the Japanese robot "Quince" got caught in a bad juju at Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant.

"Quince" was designed and developed by Chiba Institute of Technology, and was going to install the water gauge for the highly contaminated water (radiation near the surface of water was 430 millisieverts/hour the other day) in the basement of the Reactor 2's reactor building.

(Photo is from CIT's site. You can see how it is supposed to work here on Youtube.)

Quince tried to go there in the morning of June 24, but it got stuck in the stairway leading to the basement, and had to be retrieved by the carbon-based workers.

From AP Tokyo (6/24/2011):

The Quince robot, developed by Chiba Institute of Technology for nuclear and biological disaster relief activity, had ventured out into the Unit 2 reactor building to set up a gauge to measure the contaminated water pooling in the basement. Radioactivity inside the reactor buildings is too high for workers to take measurements there.

The machine got stuck at a staircase landing and failed to go downstairs, TEPCO spokesman Junichi Matsumoto said. A cable that was supposed to drop a gauge into the basement also malfunctioned.

The workers retrieved the robot and were going to make adjustments before sending it back in for another try, Matsumoto said. He did not elaborate.

TEPCO's handout for the press doesn't make any mention of it, although it does mention the crashed T-Hawk.

By the way, the above AP article, just like any other reports by the Japan-based media, continues to say:

TEPCO and the government have said they hope to achieve a cold shutdown of the reactors by January by bringing the core temperatures to below 100 Celsius (212 Fahrenheit.)

A "cold shutdown" cannot even be defined for a broken reactor where the fuel core had melted away along with control rods and other in-vessel equipment and got out of the Reactor Pressure Vessel and probably out of the Containment Vessel. The RPV is broken, and so is the Containment Vessel. Sure, TEPCO measures temperature of the RPVs, but what does that mean, when the corium is already out of the RPVs? How could a temperature of a broken RPV be an indication for a "cold shutdown"? Do they know how hot the escaped corium is, or where exactly the corium is right now?

Do reporters ask such questions?

#Contaminated Water Processing: AREVA Overachieved, Kurion Underachieved, But Full-Run Ready Next Week

According to TEPCO, Kurion's system reduced radioactive cesium in the highly contaminated water at Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant to about 1/16 (or Decontamination Factor (DF) of 16), again falling short of 1/1,000 as hoped for.

But that was made up by AREVA's system that reduced radioactive cesium to about 1/6,700 (Decontamination Factor of 6,700) after Kurion, making the entire system reduction at slightly over 1/100,000. Good enough to go, even though they had hoped for 1/1,000,000.

Kurion's system fared even worse than the previous test with highly contaminated water announced on June 22. So it may not be just a matter of switching the order of decontamination or changing the zeolite types.

(Kurion can blame "workers", like TEPCO does habitually...)

From TEPCO's handout for the press, June 24 (Japanese only, so far), I added the English labels, DF for each system, and spelled out the amount of nuclides. The higher the DF, the better the system performance is. (Click on the image for a clearer view.)

Thursday, June 23, 2011

#Fukushima I Nuke Plant: T-Hawk Helicopter Crashed onto Reactor 2 Building

The US-made unmanned helicopter T-Hawk crashed on the roof of the Reactor 2 reactor building of Fukushima I Nuke Power Plant as it was taking air samples for radiation measurement.

Never a dull day at Fukushima I.

Yomiuri Shinbun (12:31PM JST 6/24/2011) reports:

東京電力は24日、福島第一原子力発電所2号機上空で放射性物質の濃度を測るため空気を採取していた米国製無人ヘリコプター「Tホーク」が、同日午前7時ごろに操縦不能に陥り、2号機の原子炉建屋の屋上に墜落したと発表した。

TEPCO announced on June 24 that the US-made unmanned helicopter T-Hawk became inoperable at about 7AM and crashed into the roof of the Reactor 2's reactor building. The helicopter was taking air samples to measure radiation.

 Tホークは重さが約8キロ、プロペラの差し渡しは約50センチ。炎や煙は確認されていないが、クレーン車で屋上の画像を撮影するなどして、建屋に損傷がないかどうか確認を急ぐ。

T-Hawk weighs about 8 kilogram, with the wingspan of about 50 centimeters. There is no fire or smoke observed on the building, but TEPCO will use the crane to take a video of the roof and make sure there is no damage to the building.

 2号機の原子炉建屋は19日夜から外部に面した扉を開き、建屋内にこもっていた高湿度の空気の放出を始めている。無人ヘリは無線操縦で2号機上空を飛び、原子炉建屋から出ている空気を採取して、着陸後に放射線量などを測定する予定だった。

The reactor building's double door has been open since the night of June 19 to release the humid air inside the building. T-Hawk was to fly over the Reactor 2 to collect air samples, and to measure the radiation after landing.

#Radiation in Japan: "Experiment" Just Got Bigger, As Fukushima to Fit All Infants, Kindergarteners, School Children with Radiation Monitoring Badges

(CORRECTION: From NHK English it was not clear how young these children could be, but I checked the NHK Japanese, and found out that they will distribute these badges to 0-year-olds and older, all the way to junior high school students.)

There they go. Dr. Shunichi Yamashita must be thrilled for the prospect of a research of a lifetime!

Fukushima Prefecture decided to fit ALL kindergarteners, elementary school and junior high school children in Fukushima Prefecture, 280,000 of them, with what NHK World called "dosimeter" to monitor the radiation level as experienced by these small and young children.

From NHK World (English) (6/24/2011):

Fukushima Prefecture has decided to distribute dosimeters to about 280 thousand children to monitor their radiation exposure caused by the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.

Voices of parents expressing concern about their children's health have been growing louder.

The prefecture said on Thursday it will give dosimeters to children ranging from infants to junior high school students.

The prefecture will also subsidize cities and villages to replace top soil in the school yards or set up air conditioners in schools.

Some municipalities in the prefecture have already distributed, or decided to distribute, dosimeters to children to monitor radiation exposure.

The prefecture will provide financial help to those municipalities.

Voices of parents have been getting louder indeed, but they don't necessarily demanding for the radiation monitoring badges; they are demanding that their cities and towns do something to lower the radiation especially in the school environment and measure radiation in more detail so that their children can avoid "hot spots".

As I mentioned in my previous post, these are not "dosimeters" but "glass badges" that passively collect radiation information. It won't help these children or their parents to avoid high-radiation areas and spots, it won't tell them how much radiation they will have been exposed unless they are sent in to a company to interpret the data.

It costs about 3,000 yen a piece (US$37), so the total cost of the badges will be 840 million yen, or about US$10 million for the entire Fukushima Prefecture.

The company that manufactures these glass badges is Chiyoda Technol Corporation in Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo. Tokyo Brown Tabby, on reading my blogpost, called the company's Tokyo regional sales office. And here's what Tabby found:

  • You can't tell the amount of radiation the wearer has been exposed just by looking at the badge;

  • It is not designed to give alarm sound when the radiation is high;

  • It will be collected after a certain period of time, and the data will be downloaded from the badge by Chiyoda Technol, and the company will report back to the municipalities.



(Image from Chiyoda Technol site)

Well, the national government and the Fukushima government willfully withheld information on radioactive materials being carried by the wind and dispersed in the wide areas in the first 2 weeks of the accident because they "feared panic". So what do they do now? Not much, other than issuing one "safety declaration" after another and glass badges to children. As long as people look to them for "guidance" and "direction", they are safe and secure in their positions.

Monju: The In-Vessel Transfer Machine Has Been Pulled Out

3rd time charm.

The Japan Atomic Energy Agency who runs the Monju Fast Breeder Reactor announced the In-Vessel Transfer Machine (IVTM) was successfully pulled out of the reactor at 4:55AM JST on June 24.

Ministry of Environment Sets Radiation Standard for Ocean Water for Beach-Goers

The amount of iodine-131 in the seawater is to be less than 30 becquerels/liter, and radioactive cesium is to be less than 50 becquerels/liter (I assume it is the total of cesium-134 and -137) in order for the local municipalities to open their beaches.

The Ministry felt, no doubt, that it could set the limits very low because the tests done by the local governments showed there was no radioactive materials detected in the ocean water at the beaches, except one in Fukushima that detected 13 becquerels/liter of radioactive cesium.

These limits are lower than the legal density limits for radioactive materials in the exhaust water out of a nuclear power plant in a normal operation:

  • Iodine-131: 40 becquerels/liter
  • Cesium-134: 60 becquerels/liter
  • Cesium-137: 90 becquerels/liter

They are also lower than the provisional limit for drinking water and milk for babies. By the way, did you know that the provisional standards for radioactive materials in water and milk for babies are HIGHER than those for the exhaust water from a nuclear plant?:

  • Iodine-131: 100 becquerels/liter
  • Cesium total: 100 becquerels/liter

Not to mention they are much lower than the provisional limits for drinking water and milk for the rest of the population:

  • Iodine-131: 300 becquerels/liter
  • Cesium (total): 200 becquerels/liter

The reasoning? Read the article I translated below, and be puzzled.

From Fukui Shinbun (6/23/2011):

環境省は23日、全国の海水浴場など海や湖沼、河川にある遊泳場所(水浴場)を安全に利用できる目安とし て、放射性セシウム濃度は水1リットル当たり50ベクレル以下、放射性ヨウ素は30ベクレル以下とする指針値を策定した。適用は今夏限り。24日に全都道 府県に通知する。

The Ministry of the Environment announced its guideline on June 23 regarding the safe use of bathing facilities at the ocean, lakes and rivers in Japan, setting the limits of radioactive materials in the water at 50 becquerels/liter for radioactive cesium and 30 becquerels/liter for radioactive iodine. This guidance will apply to this summer only. The Ministry will formally notify the prefectural governments on June 24.

...指針値は、放射性セシウムで1リットル当たり200ベクレルという飲料水の暫定基準値より厳しい設定とな る。理由について環境省は「日常生活に不可欠な飲料水などと違い、海水浴などのレジャーは余暇を楽しむ選択的行為だから、被ばくは可能な限り小さく抑える のが望ましい」と説明している。

The guideline numbers are lower than the provisional safety limits on drinking water. The Ministry of the Environment explained the reasoning as "Unlike drinking water which is indispensable for daily life, the ocean bathing is a recreational activity that people choose to do. So, it is desirable to make the radiation exposure as small as possible."

 同省は水浴場開設の判断を自治体に委ねる考えだが、岩手、宮城両県は今夏、県内すべての水浴場開設を見送り、福島県は勿来を含め海水浴場を開設しない方針という。

The Ministry will leave the decision of whether to open the beaches to the local municipalities. Already, Iwate and Miyagi Prefectures have decided not to open any beaches at all within the prefectures, and Fukushima Prefecture is not going to open any ocean beaches.

Well, WHAT ABOUT THE BEACH SAND? Has anyone measured the beach sand, with the equipment that can measure alpha, beta and gamma rays? People will sit on the beach, lie down on the beach for sun bathing. Bare feet and near-naked bodies. Hello? AND OCEAN SOIL?

Maybe it is safe to swim, but I wouldn't sun-bathe on the beach unless I hear someone actually tested the sand.

Monju: Pull-Out of In-Vessel Transfer Machine Still On-Going

(UPDATE: The technical glitch that delayed the start of the operation was a argon gas leak at the bottom of the container that would hold the IVTM as it was being pulled out of the reactor. Argon gas fills the reactor to prevent air from entering the sodium-cooled reactor. Information from Fukui Shinbun.)

----------------------------------

The attempt to remove the 3.3-ton In-Vessel Transfer Machine from the Monju fast breeder reactor was supposed to start in the morning of June 23 JST, and the operation was supposed to be over by now (3:00AM JST on June 24). However, some technical glitches delayed the start, and the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) who runs the reactor decided to halt the operation until June 23 night.

From Fukui Shinbun, local newspaper in Fukui Prefecture where Monju sits (5:59PM JST 6/23/2011):

高速増殖炉「もんじゅ」(福井県敦賀市)で原子炉容器内に炉内中継装置が落下したトラブルをめぐり、日本原子力研究開発機構が23日午後に行う予定の引き抜き作業は、機器類の調整などに手間取り、夜以降にずれ込んだ。同日中に作業が始まり順調に進めば、翌24日午前には回収を終える見通し。

The operation to pull out the In-Vessel Transfer Machine from the Monju Fast Breeder Reactor, which was scheduled to commence in the afternoon of June 23 was delayed till after the nightfall due to delay in preparing the necessary equipment for the operation. If the operation starts sometime on June 23 and everything goes smoothly, the IVTM will be out of the reactor sometime in the morning of June 24.

The operation is supposed to last for 8 to 9 hours.

According to the press release from the JAEA, the operation finally started at 8:50PM JST on June 23. There is no explanation of the cause of the delay. The press release has one picture of the operation, taken at 9:30PM:

There have been doubts expressed whether the operation is technically feasible.

Wednesday, June 22, 2011

#Contaminated Water Processing at #Fukushima: Wrong Valve Was Open in Kurion's System

Or so TEPCO says. The company also says it was the worker's error.

From what I can figure from the TEPCO's handout for the press in English on June 23 (their English reads like Google translation...maybe it is), the problem was in the Skid No.4 of the cesium absorption. One valve was open which shouldn't have been, letting some of the water bypassing the cesium absorption vessels No. 2 and No.3.

So, will this account for 1/20 of desired performance by the Kurion system? TEPCO is running the test with this valve closed.

#Radiation in Japan: Children as Subjects of Radiation Research?

Some anecdotes I picked up from Japanese blogs and tweets about Fukushima Prefecture that seems to agree with what Professor Kunihiko Takeda of Chubu University has been saying all along, that schools are forcing children to be exposed to more radiation. I do not vouch for accuracy.

  • At one school in Aizu City, if parents want their children to have the physical education class indoors, they have to petition the school. The school knows very well that many parents are intimidated to ask for a "special" treatment for their children. The default PE class is outdoors.

  • Some schools and kindergartens are having the parents sign a consent form to let their children play on the schoolyards, and use the consent as some sort of endorsement for "safety" when someone questions the wisdom.

  • Some junior high schools say they will give students who skip the outdoor PE class the lowest grade, even if that significantly lower the grade point average for the seniors trying to get into good high schools.

  • School principals in Fukushima are trying hard to persuade parents not to remove their children from the schools.

And then, there is this news that has been reported widely in Japan as something "good": Cities and towns in Fukushima Prefecture are fitting children - kindergarteners, elementary school children, and junior high school children - with radiation monitoring badges to keep track of the external radiation that they will receive.

I wrote about it on June 10, when Date City in Fukushima Prefecture decided to fit the young children with "dosimeter". I didn't like the news, as I thought they'd better move those children from places where the radiation monitoring was necessary.

Then I found out that these radiation monitoring devises (which was described in the news as "dosimeter") were not the kind that beeps when high radiation is detected. It is just a badge to record the cumulative external radiation that the wearer is exposed to, usually in one month. It doesn't help small children or their parents avoid high-radiation "hot spots". It just records how much radiation that children receive as they continue to live and play in the elevated radiation environment.

Schools doing all they can to keep children coming to schools and playing outdoors, and the prefectural and municipal governments fitting them with radiation monitoring badges to record the cumulative radiation.

Children in Fukushima seem to have been turned into subjects of a radiation research.

For these kids in Kawamata-machi in Fukushima Prefecture, Kinki University in Osaka has donated those badges. The University is noted for its cancer research.



Monju: They Will Try to Pull Out the In-Vessel Transfer Machine on June 23

(UPDATE: Operation started late, and it is still on-going as of 11:24AM Pacific Standard Time in the US. See my post.)

-------------------------------------

The 3.3-ton In-Vessel Transfer Machine (IVTM) dropped back inside the Reactor Vessel of Monju Fast Breeder Reactor in August last year, when they were finishing up on exchanging the fuel rods. The past 2 attempts to pull out the IVTM were unsuccessful.

This time, by removing the "sleeves" (part of the lid) with the 12-meter-long IVTM, they think they can pull the whole thing out and without any air entering the reactor.

According to Fukui Shinbun (6/22/2011), they will pull out very slowly (6 centimeters/minute), and the entire process is expected to last 8 to 9 hours.

The coolant of this reactor is sodium, which burns on contact with air. The reactor uses MOX-fuel.

Information from Monju site on how to pull out the In-Vessel Transfer Machine (blue rod in the diagram):


TV Asahi did a documentary on Monju in June, in which you get to see the inside of Monju:


増殖炉事故 [もんじゅ] 現場で何が・・・内部取材 by sean2010jp

About 3 minutes and 30 seconds into the documentary, a local councilman shouts at the Monju operators after the sodium leak and fire accident in 1995: "A courage to climb the mountain? You need a courage to quit, you idiot!"

About 10 minutes into the documentary, you get to see the inside of the Containment Vessel of Monju. Brightly lit, cavernous hall. We cannot assume the safety of the reactor, but if there is no radiation leak, it means it is safe, says the engineer.

17, 18 minutes into the documentary, you see the public buildings built by Tsuruga City with the money from the government for having nuclear reactors. The documentary then shows the local fishermen reluctant to say anything about Monju. One elderly man says "Safe, of course it's safe." One elderly woman says "I can't answer anything", when asked about the nuclear accident in Fukushima.

Contaminated Water Processing at #Fukushima: Kurion's System Achieved Less Than 1/20 of Hoped-For Performance

AREVA's system fared better, achieving 40% of the hoped-for performance.

The reason? The deadly combo of seawater and very high radioactive materials in it.

According to TEPCO's handout for the press on June 22, Kurion's system managed to reduce the radioactive materials as follows:

Iodine-131

Before the treatment: 6900 becquerels/cubic centimeter
After the treatment: 990 becquerels/cubic centimeter
Decon Factor: 6.97
Hoped-for DF: not known

Cesium-134

Before the treatment: 2,000,000 becquerels/cubic centimeter
After the treatment: 43,000 becquerels/cubic centimeter
Decontamination Factor: 46.5
Hoped-for DF: 1,000

Cesium-137

Before the treatment: 2,200,000 becquerels/cubic centimeter
After the treatment: 48,000 becquerels/cubic centimeter
Decon Factor: 45.8
Hoped-for DF: 1,000

So, Kurion's system achieved less than 1/20 (or 4.6%) of the performance hoped for.

The result for AREVA's system are listed as "ND" (not detected), but it was assumed by TEPCO that AREVA's system's Decon Factor was less than 400, where 1,000 was hoped for. (Information from Yomiuri Shinbun)

By using both Kurion's and AREVA's systems, TEPCO had hoped that the radioactive materials in the water could be reduced to 1/1,000,000.

If Kurion's system reduced the radioactive materials to about 1/46 and AREVA's system 1/400, the combined performance was only 1/18,400, short of the minimum performance needed for the smooth operation of the desalination system (by Hitachi).

Desalination is essential if TEPCO wants to use the treated water as cooling water for the reactors.

TEPCO's Matsumoto said in the press conference that he had hoped that the water treatment system would start running full-scale in a couple of days, but now he wasn't sure when. (Information from Asahi Shinbun)

The Tohoku region that include Fukushima Prefecture entered the rainy season on June 21.

Tuesday, June 21, 2011

#Fukushima I Nuke Plant: Reactor 2 Radiation at 430 Millisieverts/Hr

TEPCO sent in 7 of its employees and 3 "affiliate" company employees to the Reactor 2 reactor building on June 21 to take some measurements in preparation for the future work.

The highest radiation measured was 430 millisieverts/hour on the way to the 1st basement floor. The radiation on the 2nd floor seems generally higher than the 1st floor.

The overall radiation level is pretty high, judging from the amount of time they spent inside the building and the amount of external radiation they received. They spent 10 minutes measuring over 30 locations, and received between 2.16 and 5.52 millisieverts.

If the Reactors 1 and 3 are the examples, they must have taken the video, more photographs, and gamma-ray photographs. Why they can't disclose all of them at once, I don't know.

TEPCO's handout for the press on June 22, 2011:



Note the water in the photos of the 1st floor. The color of the water is rust red. According to Asahi Shinbun, the depth of the water is 6.1 meters from the basement floor, about half way to the 1st floor.

The stairs that they measured 430 millisieverts/hour radiation is in the northwest corner (upper left) of the 1st floor. TEPCO says that's no problem, because the work will be mostly done on the 1st floor.

Well, with the Suppression Chamber in the basement of the Reactor 2 broken, I don't think TEPCO want to send in carbon-based workers yet.

They will be installing the pressure gauge on the Reactor Pressure Vessel of the Reactor 2. When they did the same in the Reactor 1, they found out that there was no pressure in the RPV, and there was no water.

Dr. Shunichi Yamashita, Radiation Advisor to Fukushima: "Fukusima Will Be World-Famous! It's Just Great!"

Dr. Shunichi Yamashita is a professor at Nagasaki University (molecular medicine and radiation research), who became one of the two advisors to Fukushima Prefecture in order to "educate" the residents throughout Fukushima about radiation after the Fukushima I Nuke Plant accident.

He is still the radiation advisor, though a movement started by irate Fukushima residents is gathering steam to demand the prefectural government to remove him from the position. Why are they angry at him now?

Because he epitomizes the government and government scholars who told them all along that the radiation from Fukushima I Nuke Plant was at a totally safe level, there was nothing to worry about, it was all in your head, foreign news media are lying, eat, drink, play, live as normal. It turned out to be anything but normal for Fukushima.

Immediately after the accident, he was sent by the government to major cities in towns in Fukushima to address the concerns of the citizens. He addressed them by saying radiation was nothing to worry about, it was all in their heads, Fukushima would be world-famous so they shouldn't miss this great opportunity, and the residents should stay put.

Some of his incredible remarks have appeared in the US media, including this one in Democracy Now (6/10/2011):

He says that mothers, even mothers exposed to 100 millisieverts, pregnant mothers, will not have any effect, health effect. Remember the number 100. Compared to that, the Soviet Union required a mandatory evacuation during Chernobyl at five millisieverts. This doctor is quoted as saying, “The effects of radiation do not come to people that are happy and laughing. They come to people that are weak-spirited, that brood and fret.”

Well, that and so much more.

The reference that the Democracy Now guest made in the program is part of his hilarious lecture about radiation and its effect on health, delivered on March 21, 2011 in front of the large, and worried audience in Fukushima City, 60 kilometers from Fukushima I Nuke Plant, 2 days after he was appointed as the official radiation advisor to Fukushima Prefecture.

Fukushima City is the same city where Greenpeace detected cobalt-60 on June 7.

Also recall that March 21 was is one of the days that saw a large spike in air radiation throughout Kanto and Tohoku region, for reasons still not disclosed.

From the lecture on March 21 in Fukushima City, toward the end, before the Q&A session:

Original Japanese audio
Japanese transcript of the event

 これから福島という名前は世界中に知れ渡ります。福島、福島、福島、何でも福島。これは凄いですよ。もう、広島・長崎は負けた。福島の名前の方が世界に冠たる響きを持ちます。ピンチはチャンス。最大のチャンスです。何もしないのに福島、有名になっちゃったぞ。これを使わん手はない。何に使う。復興です

The name "Fukushima" will be widely known throughout the world. Fukushima, Fukushima, Fukushima, everything is Fukushima. This is great! Fukushima has beaten Hiroshima and Nagasaki. From now on, Fukushima will become the world number 1 name [when it comes to radiation/nuclear incident]. A crisis is an opportunity. This is the biggest opportunity. Hey, Fukushima, you've become famous without any efforts! [a chuckle from the audience] Why
not take advantage of this opportunity? For what? Recovery.

まず。震災、津波で亡くなられた方々。本当に心からお悔やみを申し上げますし、この方々に対する対応と同時に、一早く原子力災害から復興する必要があります。国の根幹をなすエネルギー政策の原子力がどうなるか、私にはわかりません。しかし、健康影響は微々たるものだと言えます。唯一、いま決死の覚悟で働いている方々の被ばく線量、これを注意深く保障していく必要があります。ただ、一般の住民に対する不安はありません。

First off, my sincere condolences for people who died in the earthquake and tsunami. We need to deal with the loss, and to recover from this nuclear disaster. I don't know how it [the nuke accident] will affect the nuclear energy policy of the national government, as the nuclear energy is the core of the national energy policy. But I can tell you this; the health effects are minimal. The only thing we need to keep an eye on is the amount of exposure of plant workers who are working with a do-or-die resolution. But we don't have to worry about the health effects of ordinary people.

 しかしながら、それでも不安はある。誰に不安がある?女性、妊婦、乳幼児です。次の世代を背負う子供達に対し、私たちは責任があります。だから、全ての放射線安全防護基準は、赤ちゃんの被ばく線量を基準につくられています。いいですか。子供を守るために安定ヨウ素材の投与、あるいは避難・退避ということの基準は作られています。大人は二十歳を過ぎると放射線の感受性は殆どありません。もう限りなくゼロです。大人は放射線に対して感受性が殆どないということをまず覚えてください。そのくせ、一番心配するのは大人。これは間違いです。特に男は大間違い。我が身を省みれば、自分はタバコを飲んだり、酒を飲んどるのに、放射線より遥かにリスクが高いのに。男はまず心配いらないです。守るべきは女性、女子供、妊婦、乳幼児です。もし、この状態が悪くなるとすれば、逃げるのは妊婦と子供でいいんです。男は戦わなくちゃ。復興に向けてここで福島県民として、会津の白虎隊でしう。それくらいの覚悟はあって然るべきです。

And yet you are worried. Worried about whom? Women, pregnant women, and infants. We are responsible for the future generation. So, every radiation protection safety limit is based on the amount allowable for babies. Administering potassium iodide, deciding on the evacuation, they are all based on protecting children. Adults over 20 years old have very little sensitivity to radiation. Almost zero. That's the first thing you have to remember. Still, adults are the ones who worry the most. This is wrong. Especially wrong if you are male. You smoke and drink, and worry about radiation? Men don't have to worry. All we need to do is protect women, children, pregnant women and infants. If the situation deteriorates, pregnant women and children should escape. Men should stay put and fight for recovery. You [as Fukushima residents] are the descendants of people who produced the proud Byakko-Tai. You should have such a resolution.

 放射線の影響は、実はニコニコ笑ってる人には来ません。クヨクヨしてる人に来ます。これは明確な動物実験でわかっています。酒飲みの方が幸か不幸か、放射線の影響少ないんですね。決して飲めということではありませんよ。笑いが皆様方の放射線恐怖症を取り除きます。でも、その笑いを学問的に、科学的に説明しうるだけの情報の提供がいま非常に少ないんです。是非、今の私の話を聞いて、疑問が沢山あると思いますから沢山質問してください。これは講演会でも講義でもないんです。皆様と私のキャッチボールなんですね

To tell you the truth, radiation doesn't affect people who are smiling, but those who are worried. This has clearly been demonstrated by animal studies. So, drinking may be bad for your health, but happy drinkers are less affected by radiation, luckily. I'm not advising you to drink, but laughter will remove your radiation-phobia. But there's precious little information to scientifically explain the effects of laughter. So, please ask all your questions. This is not a lecture, it's a dialog between you and I.

If you understand Japanese, go listen to the audio file. About 43 minutes and 40 seconds into the audio, you can hear him say these things.

"Byakko-tai" members were boys aged mostly 16 to 17 but as young as 13 who fought to defend their lord's land (today's Aizu in Fukushima Prefecture) but chose to kill themselves rather than to surrender in the civil war that ensued after the Meiji revolution that brought down the Tokugawa Shogun government. Fukushima was on the side of Tokugawa.

Professor Yamashita was telling the Fukushima City residents to be like them in the battle with radiation.

His "non lecture" preceding the above is full of misrepresentations and some outright lies. I may translate that later, if I'm not too disgusted.

So, imagine the Japanese, particularly those in Fukushima Prefecture, who have been bombarded by the messages like this since March. A veritable brainwash, and it may be working, despite the effort by "outsiders" like Greenpeace.

Throughout Japan, mothers continue to accompany their small children to kindergartens, and fathers are too busy working. Just like in Japan before March 11, before the nuke accident. They sometimes frown on mothers and fathers who are considering withdrawing their children from kindergartens, saying "How they overreact! How silly!"

#Contaminated Water Processing at #Fukushima: TEPCO Is Ready for Full Run Again

Kyodo News Japanese (7:21PM JST 6/21/2011) says TEPCO successfully treated the highly contaminated water at a rate of 50 tonnes per hour, after adjusting the water pumps at AREVA's subsystem.

No information on how long TEPCO ran the system at the 50 tonnes/hour rate, or when the full run resumes.