A cold knocked me down this time for two full days. What did I miss, other than Superbowl?
The data is not entered yet in TEPCO's plant parameter page. The last measurement of the location - RPV Bottom Part - is at 11AM on February 5, at 68.6 degrees Celsius (as reported in the previous post).
So it went up 3.1 degrees Celsius in 5 hours, the sharpest rise yet since February 1.
From Jiji Tsushin (8:16PM 2/5/2012):
２号機原子炉、７０度超に上昇＝冷却水増加で対応－福島第１
Reactor 2 RPV temperature at Fukushima I Nuke Plant risen above 70 degrees Celsius, TEPCO increases water injection
東京電力は５日、福島第１原発の２号機原子炉の圧力容器底部にある温度計のうち、状況判断の基準とする西側の１カ所の温度が同日午後４時に７１．７度に上昇したと発表した。１日午後１１時時点の５２．０度から大幅に上昇しているが、同じ高さにある別の２カ所の温度計は４５度程度で安定している。東電は基準温度計の不具合の可能性を検討する一方、冷却水の注入量を毎時１トン増の同９．６トンにして様子を見ている。
TEPCO announced on February 5 that one of the thermometers on the bottom of the Reactor Pressure Vessel of Reactor 2 at Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant registered 71.7 degrees Celsius at 4PM. The location is one of several temperatures that [the company uses] to gauge the situation. The temperature there has risen sharply since it registered 52.0 degrees Celsius at 11PM on February 1. However, at two other locations at the same height, the temperatures remain steady around 45 degrees Celsius. TEPCO is considering the possibility of instrument failure, but in the meantime has increased the amount of water injected into the reactor by 1 tonnes, to 9.6 tonnes/hour and see if it makes difference.
事故後の状況を踏まえ、経済産業省原子力安全・保安院が認可した新たな保安規定では、基準温度計の温度が８０度に達するか、冷却水量を１日１トン超増やす場合は「運転上の制限逸脱」となり、地元自治体に通報する。東電は１００度以下の「冷温停止」維持のほか、溶融燃料が再び核分裂連鎖反応を起こす「再臨界」防止のため、炉内ガスの分析も急ぐ方針。
The new safety regulation approved by the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency after the March 11, 2011 accident specifies that it is considered "deviation from operational limit" when the temperature taken at the standard locations reaches 80 degrees Celsius or the amount of injection water is increased by 1 tonnes [per hour?] per day, and the local municipalities have to be notified. TEPCO is planning the analysis of the gas inside the reactor in order to maintain the "cold shutdown state" where the temperature remains 100 degrees Celsius and lower and to prevent "recriticality" where the melted fuel starts nuclear chain reaction.
I wonder if the local municipalities have been notified.
So much for "cold shut down" and "end of the accident". Maybe the reactor didn't like the endoscopy done in January...
From FNN News (2/5/2012):
福島第1原発2号機の原子炉の温度が、2月2日以降、上昇を続けていて、東京電力は5日未明、原子炉への注水量を増やし、温度が低下するか確認することにしている。
Temperature of the Reactor Pressure Vessel of Reactor 2 at Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant has been rising since February 2. TEPCO will increase the amount of water being injected into the reactor to see if that lowers the temperature.
2号機の原子炉圧力容器下部の温度は、2月2日におよそ52度だったが、その後、上がり続けていて、5日午前5時の時点で67.4度と、およそ15度上昇している。
The temperature at the bottom of the Reactor Pressure Vessel of Reactor 2 was about 52 degrees Celsius on February 2, but it kept rising. As of 5AM on February 5, it was 67.4 degrees Celsius, 15 degrees increase.
これを受けて、東京電力は5日未明、原子炉への注水量を1時間あたり8.6トンから9.6トンに増やし、温度が低下するか監視するとしている。
On February 5 TEPCO increased the amount of water injected into the reactor from 8.6 tonnes/hour to 9.6 tonnes/hour to see if it lowers the temperature.
原因について東京電力は、現時点で明確にはわからないとしているが、「冷温停止状態」の判断には影響はないとしている。
TEPCO says it doesn't know what is causing the temperature to rise, but says it doesn't affect the decision of "cold shutdown state".
According to the latest plant parameter data from TEPCO, the temperature at the bottom of the RPV of Reactor 2 at 11AM is 68.6 degrees Celsius, up over 1 degrees from 5AM.
By the way, the temperature at the CRD Housing Upper Part, which went up to 142 degrees on January 14, and dropped down to -197 degrees on January 19, is now back up at 124.7 degrees Celsius ("instrument failure", according to TEPCO):
Here's what TEPCO said in the handout for the press on February 4, 2012:
【Unit 2】19:20 on February 3: To improve reliability of water injection to the reactors, the injection line connecting to the reactor injection pump on the hill was replaced with polyethylene pipes and we have been changing the route for reactor injection from feed water system to reactor core spray system in a stepwise manner. After completion of adjusting water flow amount as planned on February 2, tendency of temperature rise at the bottom of PCV was observed. Thus, we changed the injection amount into Unit 2 reactor through feed water system from 2.9 m3/h to 4.9 m3/h and changed that though reactor core spray system from 5.8 m3/h to 3.8 m3/h . As for the temperature rise, the temperature at the upper head of the bottom of PCV has risen to approx. 67.2 ℃ at the highest (as of 4 pm on February 4: reference), but currently, it is approx. 65.1℃*1 (as of 5 pm on February 4). The trend of the temperature seems to be going flat and we will monitor it continuously.
The worker who tweets from Fukushima I Nuke Plant is more worried about Reactor 2 than Reactor 4.
494 leaf tobacco farmers in Fukushima will grow leaf tobacco this year and sell it to Japan Tobacco (JT), a monopoly in Japan (50% of shares owned by the Ministry of Finance) and the 3rd largest tobacco and cigarettes manufacturer in the world, next to British American Tobacco.
Did you know that there is no national safety standard for radioactive materials in leaf tobacco?
From KFB Fukushima Broadcasting Co. (2/5/2012):
原発事故を受け去年、葉タバコの作付けを断念した県たばこ耕作組合は、来年度に県中、県南、会津地方を中心に４９４戸の計４７４ヘクタールで栽培を再開する。
After the nuclear plant accident last year, the tobacco producers' union in Fukushima Prefecture gave up planting the tobacco. In the next growing season [2012], 494 farms in central, southern and Aizu region of Fukushima Prefecture will resume planting on 474 hectares.
同組合と日本たばこ産業（ＪＴ）が４日までに２４年産の売買契約を結んだ。
The union and Japan Tobacco (JT) signed the agreement for the sale and purchase of the 2012 crop by Febuary 4.
葉タバコには国の放射性物質の規準値が適用されないため、ＪＴが暫定規準値（１キロ当たり放射性セシウム５００ベクレル、放射性ヨウ素２０００ベクレル）を設けている。
The national safety limits for radioactive materials do not apply to leaf tobacco. JT has its own provisional safety limits (500 becquerels/kg of radioactive cesium, 2000 becquerels/kg of radioactive iodine).
組合によると、警戒区域と計画的避難区域の１６７戸（１３６ヘクタール）と、両区域以外で土壌の放射性物質の値から、栽培すればＪＴの規準値を超える恐れの高い一部地域の１５戸（１２ヘクタール）は引き続き作付けを見合わせる。
According to the union, 167 farmers (136 hectares) in the no-entry zone and the planned evacuation zone will continue to refrain from planting, as well as 15 farmers (12 hectares) in areas with high radioactivity in the soil which may cause the crop to exceed the JT's safety limits.
By the way, JT will start selling the cigarettes made from 2011 crop. Even though farmers in Fukushima did not grow leaf tobacco last year, farmers in other prefectures did, and the harvest was radioactive. JT doesn't care as long as it is below 500 becquerels/kg of radioactive cesium. The highest was 217 becquerels/kg of radioactive cesium detected from leaves harvested in Ibaraki Prefecture, according to JT's data measuring dried leaves. JT has assured customers that these leaves will be used in JT's cigarettes, because the cesium levels were within the JT's safety limit.
So, for added kick, look for JT-brand cigarettes come April. Make sure you don't exhale though, as people around you may not want to inhale what you exhale.
A very clever video posted by Storymonoroch on Youtube.
From March 1 to March 10, 2011, things sort of quieted down. Calm before the storm, literally. The video also has a graph overlay of the cumulative number of earthquakes.
The Independent's David McNeill reports that the group of international researchers (US, Denmark, and Japan) is set to publish a paper in a scientific magazine next week about their findings in Fukushima Prefecture that "bird populations there have begun to dwindle" and that "the effect on abundance is worse in the Japanese disaster zone".
A funny thing is though, it has just been reported by Japan's NHK that this group of researchers ARE GOING TO STUDY the effect of radiation in bird species in Fukushima starting MAY.
First, The Independent (2/3/2012):
Researchers working around Japan's disabled Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant say bird populations there have begun to dwindle, in what may be a chilling harbinger of the impact of radioactive fallout on local life.
In the first major study of the impact of the world's worst nuclear crisis in 25 years, the researchers, from Japan, the US and Denmark, said their analysis of 14 species of bird common to Fukushima and Chernobyl, the Ukrainian city which suffered a similar nuclear meltdown, showed the effect on abundance is worse in the Japanese disaster zone.
The study, published next week in the journal Environmental Pollution, suggests that its findings demonstrate "an immediate negative consequence of radiation for birds during the main breeding season [of] March [to] July".
Two of the study's authors have spent years working in the irradiated 2,850 sq metre zone around the Chernobyl single-reactor plant, which exploded in 1986 and showered much of Europe with caesium, strontium, plutonium and other radioactive toxins. A quarter of a century later, the region is almost devoid of people.
Timothy Mousseau and Anders Pape Moller say their research uncovered major negative effects among the bird population, including reductions in longevity and in male fertility, and birds with smaller brains.
Many species show "dramatically" elevated DNA mutation rates, developmental abnormalities and extinctions, they add, while insect life has been significantly reduced.
Now, about Professor Timothy Mousseau, NHK ran the news yesterday. From tweets by Jun Hori of NHK:
東京電力福島第一原子力発電所の事故で放出された放射性物質が、周辺に生息する生物にどのような影響を与えているのかについて調べるため、アメリカの大学の研究チームが、ことし５月から、福島県などで本格的な調査を始めることになった。
A research team from the United States will begin the study in May this year on the effect of radioactive materials released from the Fukushima I Nuclear Plant accident on the animals living in the surrounding areas.
調査に当たるのは米国サウスカロライナ大学のティモシー・ムソー教授の研究チーム。ムソー教授の研究チームはチェルノブイリ原発事故で放出された放射性物質が周辺地域に生息する鳥や虫、植物等の生物にどのような影響を与えているのかを１３年以上にわたり継続的に調査。
The group is led by Professor Timothy Mousseau of South Carolina University in the US. Professor Mousseau and his group have been studying the effect of radioactive materials from the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident on birds, insects and plants in the surrounding areas for over 13 years.
ムソー教授の研究チームが、チェルノブイリ原発事故による周辺地域への影響について調査した結果、毎時１マイクロシーベルトから３マイクロシーベルトといった低い線量の地域でも、鳥や虫などの生物に個体数の減少や異常が見られたとしている。
According to the result of the study by Professor Mousseau's group in the areas surrounding Chernobyl, even population decrease and anomalies have been observed in birds, insects and other life forms even in the low-radiation areas (1 to 3 microsieverts/hour) .
サウスカロライナ大学のムソー教授の研究チームは、東京電力福島第一原発の事故でも、鳥や虫などの生物を長期に渡って調査することで、低い線量の放射線の影響が分かるのではないかとみており、日本の研究者などの協力を得ながら、長期的に調査したいとしている。
By studying the birds, insects and other life forms for a long period of time, Professor Mousseau believes the effect of low-level radiation may be revealed in the aftermath of the Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant accident. He says he would like to conduct a long-term research with the help from the Japanese researchers.
研究チームを率いるムソー教授は、調査に向けた準備のため、今月中旬から福島を訪れる予定で、「鳥などの生物は、世代交代のペースがヒトと比べて早く、放射線が遺伝に与える影響も調べることができる。ヒトへの影響を調べるうえでの手がかりになる」と話している。
In preparation for the research, Professor Mousseau is scheduled to visit Fukushima in mid February. He says, "The alternation of generations is much quicker in birds than in humans, so we can study the effect of radiation on genes. It will give a vital clue on the effect on humans."
Hori's tweets and NHK News do not mention anything about Professor Mousseau's group having already studied the subject last year and about to publish a paper. The news is presented as if they are going to study it starting May.
NHK's report has tremendously irritated the Japanese researchers like Professor Bin Mori (who has been studying the spiders and lizards in Fukushima after the accident and publishing the results on his blog, calling other biologists to follow suit). If the article by The Independent is correct (which seems to be, if the professor is publishing the paper next week), the international researchers were studying the effect of low-level radiation in birds in Fukushima last year while the Japanese government was (still is) pushing the idea hard that there would be no negative effect on health from low-level radiation.
It is somewhat similar to the case of SPEEDI data sharing. While the Japanese government kept telling the citizens that the SPEEDI system didn't work, the SPEEDI simulation data was being sent daily to the US military.
But then, in the case of SPEEDI info sharing, the US military knew enough to ask for information, so the information was given. None of the politicians in the Kan administration bothered to ask for it (even if the use of SPEEDI was specified in the disaster response manual that the government had created), therefore it was not given. Maybe it is the same thing here; Professor Mousseau asked to do the study, therefore he was allowed. Hardly any of the Japanese biologists asked, or bothered to go to Fukushima (unlike Professor Mori), therefore lost the great opportunity to collect information firsthand.
That should further irritate Professor Mori...
even though they are only 22 months old.
Overload, most likely. Mitsubishi's design flaw?
From LA Times (2/3/2012):
San Onofre nuclear plant radiation leak, worn tubes raise concerns
A week of problems at the San Onofre nuclear power plant has raised new safety concerns among some activists.
Officials of Southern California Edison, which operates the facility and is a majority owner, insist that the plant is perfectly safe, but others say the mishaps are one more sign of problems.
The situation is "further evidence that California should move beyond nuclear power. California should plan for the orderly phase out of ... aging nuclear power plants, including San Onofre, and shift to clean-energy alternatives like energy efficiency and renewable power," Bernadette Del Chiaro, director of clean-energy programs for the advocacy group Environment California, said in a statement.
Nuclear regulation officials said Thursday that extensive wear had been found on tubes inside a unit at the San Onofre nuclear plant.
Another unit at the plant was taken off-line after a small radiation leak earlier this week.
Dozens of relatively new tubes that carry radioactive water in a steam generator showed "many, many years" worth of wear, even though the tubing is 22 months old, said Victor Dricks, a spokesman for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Nearly 70 tubes, made from a metal alloy and formed into a U-shape, had 20% of their interior lining worn off, while hundreds more had 10% of the lining deteriorated, Dricks said. More than 9,000 tubes are in the generator.
Dricks said that some of the tubes will require repair, while others will probably have to be replaced.
But Edison officials say it's too early to make any determination on a course of action, and that additional tests will be conducted. The unit was off-line for a scheduled maintenance period of several months to deal with technology upgrades and fuel replacement, said Gil Alexander, an Edison spokesman.
It is unclear why the tubes are showing so much wear.
The NRC's findings come on the heels of a leak in a tube Tuesday, prompting operators to shut down a reactor. However, officials said, the amount of radiation released was minuscule and did not endanger the public.
"San Onofre has had such a troubled history in terms of the safety culture that each of these incidents shakes me further,” Daniel Hirsch with the group Committee to Bridge the Gap told the Orange County Register.
As for the Unit 3 that was tripped (scrammed) after a minute radiation leak was detected in the turbine building, the inspection won't be done until middle of next week due to the still high temperature (105 degrees Fahrenheit) in the building, according to San Francisco Chronicle.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries' SG, as it was getting ready to be moved into the reactor building of Unit 2 in 2009 (from The Orange County Register):
And call it "decontamination".
Why do they keep disturbing the contaminated soil? Why do they insist on growing anything?
First from Mainichi Shinbun Fukushima local version on flipping the soil (2/3/2012):
農地の除染対策の一つとして検討されている「反転耕」の実演会が２日、いわき市大久町の水田であった。
On February 2, there was a demonstration of "flipping the soil" on the rice paddy in Oohisa-machi in Iwaki City, Fukushima Prefecture. Flipping the soil is one of the measures considered for decontaminating the farmland.
反転耕は、水田などの表土と下層土を入れ替え、作物が放射性物質を吸収するのを抑える方法。大型農機４台を使って深さ約３０センチまで表土を掘り下げ、下層の土と入れ替える様子が公開された。
By flipping the soil so that the top soil and the subsoil get exchanged, the absorption of radioactive materials by the crops will be prohibited. In the demonstration, 30 centimeters of the top soil was dug up, and replaced with the subsoil using 4 large farm machines.
県の担当者によると、１日に測定したこの水田の放射線量は０・３～０・４２マイクロシーベルトだったが、反転耕後の測定では０・２３～０・３マイクロシーベルトになり「効果があった」としている。
According to the official of the prefectural government, the air radiation level at this rice paddy on February 1 was between 0.3 to 0.42 microsievert/hour. After flipping the soil, it dropped to 0.23 to 0.3 microsievert/hour, which the official called it "a success".
近所の農家など約１５０人が参加し、実演を見守った。農家からは「高価な農機が必要だ」「市全体の農地除染の計画が決まっていない中で、どう取り組むのか」などの声が出た。
150 farmers living nearby participated, watching the demonstration. They voiced concerns, saying "It will require expensive farm machines", "How are we supposed to do it when the city's plan for farmland decontamination is not there?"
Air radiation dropping from 0.3 to 0.42 microsievert/hour to 0.23 to 0.3 microsievert/hour is a success? 28% reduction for all the trouble, and radioactive materials will simply flow in from the surrounding mountains.
How are they supposed to do this "decontamination"? Well, farmers will do it with what small machines they have, and will not turn soil that deep if a council set up by Fukushima City has its way. Farmers will till the land like they always do every year, radioactivity or no, about 15 centimeter deep, as they sprinkle potassium and zeolites. And call it "decontamination".
Also from Mainichi Shinbun Fukushima local version (2/2/2012):
福島市と川俣町にある農地除染のあり方を検討する協議会が１日、同市内であり、２月～来年３月末に両市町の全ての田畑で除染することを確認した。国は、大型機械を使って表土と下層土を３０センチ入れ替える「反転耕」や「深耕」による方法しか除染費用を補助しない方針だが、「現実的ではない」として各農家が所有する農機具で耕起する方式を中心にする考えで一致した。
A council met on February 1 in Fukushima City to discuss how to decontaminate farmland in Fukushima City and Kawamata-machi, and confirmed that they would decontaminate all the farmland in both municipalities starting February 2012 and ending by the end of March next year. The national government's policy is to subsidize the decontamination methods of "flipping the soil" or "deep tilling" that use large equipment to replace 30 centimeter of top soil with the subsoil. However, the council dismissed these methods as "impractical", and instead would use the farm machines that the farmers already have and plow.
両市町は昨秋、農地除染で連携することを決め、両市町と県、ＪＡ新ふくしまで構成する協議会を設立した。
The two municipalities decided to cooperate in decontaminating the farmland last fall, and set up a council made up of officials from both municipalities, Fukushima Prefecture, and JA Shin Fukushima.
除染対象は、同町の計画的避難区域を除く水田２７２７ヘクタールと畑１５３３ヘクタール。放射性セシウムを吸着する「ゼオライト」やカリウムを散布後、農機具で耕起する。空間線量が高い地区や収穫された農産物から高い線量を検出した地区を優先する。
Decontamination will be done on all 2727 hectares of rice paddies and 1533 hectares of fields excluding the planned evacuation zone in Kawamata-machi (whose decontamination will be done by the national government). Farmers are to sprinkle zeolites and potassium, and plow the land with their farm equipment. Priority will be given to the areas with high air radiation levels and whose crops have been found with high level of radioactivity.
この日は「大型機械は必要台数を確保できるのか」など、国が示した除染方法について疑問視する意見が続出。反転耕ではやせた土が上になり、数年にわたって生産が望めないことを心配する声もあった。費用負担については、国の補助金を原資とした県の交付金が使えるよう県や国に働きかけることも確認した。
On February 1, there were opinions voicing doubts over the decontamination methods shown by the national government. Not enough large equipment was one concern. Others said if the soil was flipped, then the poor soil would be on top, which would not be productive for years. As to the cost, the council would ask the prefectural government and the national government for the subsidy.
So, in Fukushima, almost everyone will effectively become radiation workers, like it or not, either by becoming decon workers to be preferentially hired by large general construction companies who will exclusively do the decon jobs in Fukushima, or by being farmers growing crops in Fukushima. As for the children of these parents who will "decontaminate" the land, Dr. Yamashita will be there to collect their data.
using brooms, dustpans, spatula, and a patent-pending dust collector. (Isn't that something? Patent-pending.)
The work was done from January 7 to 30, 2012. Total 60 workers, 150 bags of contaminated soil and small debris removed by the workers.
Workers used brooms, dustpans, shovels to remove dust and dirt, and washed the surface of the parking lot. Apparently, they didn't bother removing the cars as the photos below show.
Then, the heavy machinery's turn to scrape the surface by wire brush and vacuum the rubble and dust.
The results as announced by TEPCO (2/3/2012):
Air radiation levels at 1 meter off the ground:
Before: Average 82μSv/h,Maximum 355μSv/h
After: Average 54μSv/h, Maximum 115μSv/h
Air radiation levels at 1 centimeter off the ground:
Before: Average 254μSv/h, Maximum ,240μSv/h* (*TEPCO's Japanese version of the document says "1,240".)
After: Average 68μSv/h, Maximum 181μSv/h
For TEPCO's credit, the company didn't call the work "decontamination"; it was "Radiation dose reduction by collecting dust and small rubbles at the parking lot in front of Main anti-Earthquake Building of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station".
The same operation anywhere else in Fukushima is called "decontamination", and it is to be done by the residents of Fukushima hired as "decon workers" and by decon volunteers from all over Japan.
Gamma radiation was 20 millisieverts/hour. The leak stopped when they tighten the bolt of the tank.
(Ummm... So they are not welded?)
From Nikkei Shinbun (2/3/2012):
東京電力は３日、福島第１原子力発電所の汚染水貯蔵タンクから水漏れし、毎時２千ミリシーベルトの高いベータ線を検出したと発表した。微量で水たまりはできておらず、海への流出もないという。ボルトを増し締めし、漏水は止まった。アクリル板などで遮蔽し、ベータ線は毎時15ミリシーベルトまで下がった。
TEPCO announced on February 3 that the water leaked from one of the contaminated water storage tanks at Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant. 2,000 millisieverts/hour beta radiation was detected. The amount of the leak was small, and there was no leak into the ocean. The leak stopped when the bolt was further tightened. The radiation was then shielded with acrylic plates, and the beta radiation dropped to 15 millisieverts/hour.
淡水化装置で濃縮した汚染水の貯蔵タンクの継ぎ手部分の締め付けが緩み、漏水したとみている。水にはストロンチウムが多く含まれるという。直下のコンクリート周辺で、ベータ線のほかにガンマ線も毎時22ミリシーベルトを検出した。遮蔽によって１ミリシーベルトに低下した。
The bolt may have gotten loose at the joint of a storage tank that stores the contaminated water that was condensed by the desalination apparatus (Reverse Osmosis), letting the water leak. TEPCO said a large amount of radioactive strontium might be in the water. On the concrete where the leaked water was, 22 millisieverts/hour gamma ray was also detected in addition to the beta radiation. It dropped to 1 millisievert/hour after shielding.
経済産業省原子力安全・保安院は３日、水漏れが相次ぎ見つかっていることを重視し、原因究明と再発防止策を報告するよう東電に指示した。
The Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency instructed TEPCO on February 3 to submit a report on the causes of the leaks at the plant and on the measures to be taken to prevent the leaks from occurring again.
Here's the tank that leaked, and there are 100 more such tanks, from TEPCO (2/3/2012):
TEPCO hasn't identified the leak, but the leak is evidenced by the rapidly dropping water level of the Skimmer Surge Tank.
From Jiji Tsushin (2/3/2012):
東京電力は３日、福島第１原発の４号機原子炉建屋の原子炉と使用済み燃料プール、機器用プールに共通して張っている水が建屋内に依然として漏れ続けている とみられると発表した。水位はほぼ満水状態に維持しているが、あふれた水を受けるタンクの水位が通常の２倍のペースで低下しているため、漏出の可能性が高 いと分かった。
TEPCO announced on February 3 that the water in the Reactor Pressure Vessel, Spent Fuel Pool and DS Pool in Reactor 4 continues to leak into the reactor building. The RPV, SFP, and DS Pool are filled with water to the near-full level, but the water level of the Skimmer Surge Tank is dropping twice as fast as normal, which likely indicates a leak.
この水は放射能汚染水で、もともと汚染水がたまっている建屋地下へ流れているとみられる。配管接続部などの凍結、損傷が考えられ、作業員が場所の特定を急いでいる。
The water is contaminated with radioactive materials, and is considered to be flowing to the basement of the reactor building where the contaminated water has already been sitting. The possible causes include the frozen or damaged pipe joints, and the workers are trying to identify the location(s).
From TEPCO's Plant Parameter data, the water levels of Reactor 4 Skimmer Surge Tank:
The relationship of the Reactor Well (RPV), SFP, and DS Pool:2/3 11AM: 3179 millimeters
2/3: 5AM: 2085 mm
2/2 11AM: 2498 mm
2/2 5AM: 2784 mm
2/1 11AM: 3223 mm
2/1 5AM: 3225 mm
1/31 11AM: 3977 mm
1/31 5AM: 4357 mm
1/30 11AM: 5416 mm
1/30 5AM: 5208 mm
SFP and Skimmer Surge Tank:
(Graphics created by @pluredro based on TEPCO's information)
This is just absolutely sickening.
Shimada City in Shizuoka Prefecture, whose mayor is deeply involved in the corruption over waste management in the city, has decided to go ahead with test burning of the disaster debris from Iwate Prefecture against fierce opposition from the city residents and citizens in neighboring cities and prefectures. The ashes after incineration will be buried in the final disposal site for regular garbage and industrial waste in the city.
To reward such an exemplary behavior, joyous Goshi Hosono, Minister of the Environment, tells the city that he has made green tea from Shimada City as the drink at the ministry.
From Jiji Tsushin (2/3/2012):
「島田のお茶」でエール＝がれきの試験焼却受け－細野環境相
"We're cheering for you by drinking your tea", says Minister Hosono to Shimada City for its decision to test burn the debris
細野豪志環境相は３日の閣議後記者会見で、静岡県島田市が東日本大震災で生じた岩手県山田町のがれきの試験焼却実施を決めたことを受け、省内幹部の部屋で飲むお茶を同市産にしたことを明らかにした。東京電力福島第１原子力発電所事故に伴う汚染への懸念から、被災地のがれきの広域処理が進まない中、受け入れに意欲を示す同市にエールを送った形だ。
Minister of the Environment Goshi Hosono revealed during the press conference on February 3 after the cabinet meeting that he switched the tea drunk by the ministry officials to the tea made in Shimada City, Shizuoka Prefecture. Shimada City has just announced it will test burn the disaster debris from Yamada-cho in Iwate Prefecture. As the wide-area processing of the disaster debris is not going well due to the concern for the radiation contamination from the Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant accident, Minister Hosono, by switching the tea to the Shimada City's tea, is cheering for the city eager to accept the debris.
会見で細野環境相は「もともとコーヒー党だが、今はもっぱら島田のお茶」と述べた。同省によると、各局職員らが親ぼく費で購入するお茶についても、島田茶の使用を呼び掛けているという。
In the press conference, Minister Hosono said, "I've been a coffee drinker, but right now all I drink is Shimada's tea." The Ministry of the Environment is encouraging the workers at the ministry to purchase Shimada tea for their consumption at work.
Shimada City is located in central Shizuoka, population slightly less than 100,000. Its main industry is tea growing on Makinohara Plateau, the largest tea growing region in Shizuoka and thus the largest in Japan.
Mayor Sakurai has said that he will go ahead with the test burning even though the residents of the district where the incinerator is located haven't agreed to the burning. He says, "I explained everything, nothing more to say to them. It's the time for decision."
Several meetings were held between the city officials and the residents, and the city stuffed the meetings with hired shills to boost their side. The officials even said the residents didn't matter anyway as the neighborhood community leaders were all for it.
Mayor Sakurai was the president of the city's only industrial waste processing company before he became the major. Currently, his relative (son or brother) is the president, running the company, and the mayor remains one of the largest shareholders.
Shimada City has declining population and declining amount of garbage. The incineration plant apparently cannot be used unless the furnace is at least 60% full. If that's true, it may be a relic from the bubble days in 1980s - a big incinerator, bigger than the city ever would have needed.
Disaster debris from Tohoku must be heaven-sent for the mayor.
The incineration plant is right near the water source for the city.
(If you read Japanese, this is a Togetter on "low down on Shimada City's decision to accept disaster debris".)
The plant operator replaced all the steam generators at the plant in December 2010 with the steam generators (SG) made by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. Unit 3 re-started in February 2011. Unit 2 is under regular maintenance.
From The Orange County Register (2/2/2012):
As workers began inspecting a leaky tube in one of the San Onofre nuclear plant's reactors Thursday, federal regulators said more than 800 tubes in a second, offline reactor showed wear and thinning, although they are less than two years old.
And plant officials confirmed that sensors showed a tiny amount of radioactive gas may have leaked out of a building next to the first reactor before the reactor was shut down late Tuesday.
All four of the plant's steam generators and their tubes are less than two years old, installed after being delivered to the West Coast by the Japanese manufacturer of the generators, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.
Some 9,700 tubes carry water from the reactor and through each generator.
"They have inspected 80 percent of the tubes in one of the steam generators at unit 2," said Victor Dricks, spokesman for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. "Two of the tubes have thinning so extensive that they need to be plugged and taken out of service. Sixty nine other tubes have thinning greater than 20 percent of the wall thickness, and a larger number have thinning greater than 10 percent of wall thickness."
The tubes with 10 percent thinning number more than 800, he said.
Gil Alexander, a spokesman for plant operator Southern California Edison, said he could not confirm Dricks's numbers Thursday because an assessment of the unit 2 tubes is continuing.
Dricks and Alexander, however, said that highly sensitive alarms were tripped in an building next to San Onofre's unit 3 reactor after the leak was detected about 5:30 p.m. Tuesday, indicating that at least some radioactive gas was present.
The building houses the turbine that generates electricity.
...
And while workers were able to begin inspecting the unit 3 reactor, which had cooled enough to allow them to enter, they had not yet been able to characterize the size or nature of the leak, he said.
Mitsubishi officials were on scene, he said, and he had no estimate of when the reactor might be started up again, though it will likely be several days.
“Mitsubishi is aware of the issue reported at the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station and has been in contact with the customer, Southern California Edison," the company said in a statement released to the press. "The investigation of the incident is being conducted by our customer. However, as the manufacturer of the steam generators, we will do whatever we can to support our customer in resolving the issue.”
New details also emerged about an unrelated accident on Friday, when a contract worker slipped into a pool above the unit 2 reactor, now offline for maintenance, while trying to retrieve a flashlight.
The man, whose name Edison declined to release, was not injured, and did not suffer harmful radiation exposure, but might have ingested the mildly radioactive water, Alexander said. No internal contamination was found.
Normally, water that is heated by the reactor and flows through the tubes is kept separate from another loop of water, from another source, inside the steam generators.
Instead, the tubes are immersed in the water inside the steam generators, heating the water, which turns to steam that powers the plant's turbines to produce electricity.
But a small leak in one of the tubes could have allowed radioactive water circulating from the reactor to mix with the water in the steam generator.
If so, it could have resulted in the escape of a small amount of radioactive gas.
(Full article at the link)
From Enformable (2/2/2012):
It’s not clear what caused the pipe to fail, or whether the company was facing an isolated break in a single alloy tube or a manufacturing defect that might be at issue elsewhere in the massive plant tube system.
This might mean there is a now a worry about the possibility that San Onofre has purchased 4 faulty steam generators from Mitsubishi, and the financial costs to replace them might prevent the plant from restarting.
Southern California Edison said a manufacturing defect was reported by Mitsubishi before delivery of two generators from Japan — but that the equipment was retested by the manufacturer and plant operator and determined to be fine before installation at the southern reactor.
Because "we have to make sure producers are not inconvenienced".
The Radiation Council of the Ministry of Education and Science issued its response after deliberating on the new safety standard for radioactive cesium in food submitted by the Ministry of Health and Labor.
First, from Mainichi Shinbun (2/2/2012):
セシウム新基準値：乳児用食品１００ベクレルに…答申案
Report on new standard for radioactive cesium: 100 becquerels/kg for infant food
厚生労働省の諮問を受け、食品の放射性セシウムの新基準値案を審議していた文部科学省の放射線審議会（会長・丹羽太貫京都大名誉教授）は２日、乳児用食品と牛乳について、１キロあたり５０ベクレルを１００ベクレルに緩めてもよいとする答申案をまとめた。次回に最終案を厚労省に答申する。
The Radiation Council of the Ministry of Education and Science has been deliberating on the new safety standards for radioactive cesium in food set by the Ministry of Health and Labor. On February 2, the council compiled its report that said it would be OK to loosen the standards for food and milk for infants from 50 becquerels/kg to 100 becquerels/kg. In the next meeting, the council will submit its final report to the Ministry of Health and Labor.
審議会では「乳児も含めどの年齢層でも、１キロあたり１００ベクレルの食品を摂取し続けても、年間被ばく限度の１ミリシーベルト以内に収まる」との意見が大勢を占め、子供の健康は十分に守られるとの見解で一致した。新基準値案は農漁業生産者に厳しすぎ、被災地の復興にも影響を与える可能性があるとの意見も出た。答申案には「基準値の決定にさまざまな関係者が関与すべきだ」と記された。
The majority of the council expressed the view that "for all age groups including infants, the annual [internal] radiation exposure would be within 1 millisievert even if they continue to consume food with 100 becquerels/kg of radioactive cesium", and all agreed that the health of children would be well protected. Some said the new standards would be too harsh for fishermen and farmers, and the standards might negatively affect the recovery of the disaster-affected areas. The council's report also says "all stakeholders should participate in deciding the new standards".
厚労省は昨年１２月、穀類５００ベクレルなど今の暫定規制値を見直し、乳児用食品５０ベクレル▽牛乳５０ベクレル▽一般食品１００ベクレルなどの新基準値案を発表。放射線審議会の答申や国民の意見募集を経て新基準値を決め、４月から施行する。
In December, the Ministry of Health and Labor revised the existing provisional safety standard of 500 becquerels/kg of radioactive cesium and prepared the new standards of 50 becquerels/kg for infant food, 50 becquerels/kg for milk, and 100 becquerels/kg for other food items. The new standards will be officially decided after the Radiation Council's deliberation and comments from the public and enforced starting April.
Asahi Shinbun on the same subject has this additional information about who else the Radiation Council cares about - entities that do the radiation testing.
４月からの運用にあたって、検査が混乱したり生産者に影響が出たりしないよう、配慮を求める方針だ
[The council] will ask for considerations in using the new standard in April so that there are no confusions in testing and no negative effect on the producers.
年間１ミリシーベルト以下に抑える上で、乳児用食品などの基準を特別に設けなくても、一般食品の基準で子どもの健康に十分配慮されていると指摘。厳しい設定の根拠に疑問を投げかけ、被災地の食生活や産業などへの影響を懸念する。
To limit the annual radiation exposure to 1 millisievert and below, [the council] points out that the general food standard [of 100 becquerels/kg] is amply safe for the children's health without setting a special standard for food for infants. The council questions the basis for the stricter standard, and worries about the negative effect on what people eat in the disaster-affected areas and on the industries there.
No need to treat infants and toddlers differently when it comes to radioactive materials in food. 100 becquerels/kg radioactive cesium is safe enough for everyone. March on, brave little soldiers.
By the way, the annual radiation exposure they are talking about here is "internal" exposure in addition to the natural background internal exposure from ingesting food. It doesn't even include extra internal radiation from inhaling radioactive materials, and does not include external radiation exposure.
Public comments count nothing, as people in Japan are still finding out. It is to give them an illusion that what they have is democracy. Public meetings, public comments are the formalities only for the power that be to say "See, we listen to the citizens because we hold these meetings and solicit comments from the citizens."
It's clearly not enough for the Japanese government to keep the Fukushima residents inside Fukushima by offering "incentives" and propaganda.
The government is set to "indicate" that the Fukushima residents should be hired for decontamination projects to be carried out throughout Fukushima in a new bill to be presented in the current session of the Diet.
Nuclear power plants throughout Japan have been "sold" to the municipalities as "job creators" for the local economy. Even after a nuclear plant blew up and broken, it will continue to provide jobs for the residents. How wonderful. (Never mind the radiation.)
From Yomiuri Shinbun (2/2/2012):
政府が今国会に提出する「福島復興再生特別措置法案」（仮称）で、東京電力福島第一原子力発電所事故の影響を受けた周辺地域での除染作業について、国が福島県民の雇用に配慮するとの規定を明記することが１日、分かった。
It was revealed on February 1 that the bill "Fukushima recovery and renewal special measures bill" (temporary name) that the administration will submit in the current session of the Diet will include the clause that indicates Fukushima residents should be given special consideration when hiring workers for the decontamination projects to be carried out in the areas affected by the Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant accident.
３月にも始まる除染には３万人以上の作業員が必要になる見通しで、政府は厳しい雇用情勢が続く福島県を雇用面で支援する方針だ。
The decontamination projects, set to start [in earnest] in March, are expected to require more than 30,000 workers. The administration will support in job creation in Fukushima Prefecture which continues to suffer from a severe employment condition.
１日明らかになった法案要綱では、除染作業に関して、「国は福島の住民が雇用されるよう配慮する」と記した。除染作業は事業者に発注するため、国が福島県民を優先的に雇うよう要請するとみられる。
In the summary of the bill disclosed on February 1, it is written that "a consideration is to be given so that the residents of Fukushima will be hired" for decontamination projects. As it is the businesses who will be contracted to do the decontamination projects, the government is likely to ask them to preferentially hire the Fukushima residents.
in order to push for the wide-area processing of tsunami debris contaminated with radioactive fallout from the Fukushima I Nuke Plant accident in Miyagi and Iwate Prefectures which involves shipping the debris as far away as the island of Kyushu, burn it, and bury or recycle the ashes and slags.
Take a look at this clean-looking map created by the Ministry of the Environment in its effort to persuade the municipalities to accept the debris, burn it and bury it, vis a vis the map created by the Ministry of Education and Science from the aerial survey of the air radiation levels. The Ministry of the Environment says it created the map based on the data from the Ministry of Education and Science:
Notice the difference, other than the slightly different color scheme?
The difference is the legends. In the map created by the Ministry of the Environment, everywhere with less than 0.23 microsievert/hour air radiation is painted white. In the Ministry of Education's map, the lowest is less than 0.1 microsievert/hour air radiation, which is painted deep blue.
Whereas the Ministry of Education map further differentiates the areas with between 0.1 and 0.2 microsievert/hour air radiation, in the Ministry of Environment map these areas are still "white".
The Ministry of the Environment puts up this map in its newly created website to aid in persuading the populace into accepting the disaster debris. The map is also in the brochure for the masses, as if the air radiation levels are the same as the density of radioactive materials in soil, water, or the disaster debris.
In the Ministry of the Environment map, there are hardly any areas of contamination in Miyagi, Chiba, Ibaraki. Tokyo, Saitama, Kanagawa are "white". "Oh, the contamination is only in Fukushima Prefecture. Why are we making fuss about the debris being radioactive elsewhere?"
The slightly elevated air radiation level near Onagawa-machi, Miyagi Prefecture whose debris Tokyo has been burning is shown in the Ministry of Education's map but not at all in the Ministry of the Environment map. For the air radiation levels along the coast of northern Miyagi and southern Iwate (near Rikuzen Takata City for example), all you get to see in the Ministry of the Environment map is that they are less than 0.23 microsievert/hour.
(Good job, Goshi Hosono. I'm sure you will be the next prime minister of Japan...)
And the contract to "decontaminate" the entire city is soon to be awarded to one joint venture headed by one of the largest construction companies in Japan by the city's decon committee headed by Professor Tatsuhiko Kodama of Tokyo University.
Something doesn't sit very well with me.
The annual budget of Minami Soma City for the fiscal 2011 year (that ends on March 31) is total 50 billion yen, with the main budget of 28 billion yen, the supplementary budgets of 13 billion yen, and budget for government corporations 9 billion. Of the main budget, only 9 billion yen is from the city tax, and the national and prefectural subsidies (allocated according to the population) and the proceeds from municipal bond sales.
40 billion yen decontamination project is expected to last for 2 years, to be paid for over three years starting 2011 fiscal year. The amount of money for the next two years would eat up more than half of the main budget, but the city is not paying any of that any way. The cost will be borne by the national government, who will bill TEPCO, who then will bill the national government, who will then tax the citizens.
Endless money for big businesses and the well-connected small businesses and politicians who can facilitate the joint ventures.
From Asahi Shinbun (2/2/2012):
東京電力福島第一原発の事故に伴う除染で、福島県南相馬市は、市内の生活圏全域を４００億円でゼネコンに一括して発注することを決めた。市は業者選定に向けた手続きに入っており、近く一つの共同企業体（ＪＶ）に決定し、２０１３年度までの約２年間の除染を発注する。県内の自治体のうち、個別地区ではなく全域を対象にした除染の発注手続きに至ったのは初めて。
Minami Soma City in Fukushima Prefecture has decided to award a contract worth 40 billion yen to decontaminate the entire city's living space to one general contractor. The city has started the process to select the contractor, and will soon decide on one joint venture (JV) to award the 2-year contract to decontaminate the city. Of all the municipalities in Fukushima, this is the first case of a city-wide decontamination project instead of decontamination by districts within a city.
原発事故の警戒区域と計画的避難区域は国が直轄で除染する。それ以外の年間被曝（ひばく）線量が１ミリシーベルトを超える場所は市町村が行い、国が費用を負担する仕組みで、今回の発注はその地域が対象。戸建てや集合住宅、病院、工場、店舗など約４万６千棟の除染で、面積は１４３３ヘクタールにのぼる。総延長約１千キロの道路や、住宅や建物の奥２０メートル分の森林も含む。
The "no-entry zone" and "planned evacuation zone" decontamination will be done by the national government. Outside these zones, municipalities will carry out decontamination of the locations that will exceed annual radiation exposure of 1 millisievert, and the cost will be borne by the national government. The contract will cover the area outside those zones in Minami Soma. 46,000 buildings including single-family residences, apartments, hospitals, factories and shops will be decontaminated in the areas of 1,433 hectares. Also included in the project will be 1,000 kilometers of roads, and forests within 20 meters from residences and buildings.
国が示している除染の単価は、敷地面積４００平方メートルの戸建て住宅で壁の洗浄をしない場合、６０万円が目安で、それ以上の広さは１平方メートルあたり１５００円で換算。道路は両側に側溝がある場合、長さ１キロあたり２４０万円としている。
The unit cost as specified by the national government for decontaminating a single-family residence with the lot size of 400 square meters without washing the walls is 600,000 yen [US$7882]. For larger houses, the cost is calculated at 1,500 yen [US$20] per square meter. For roads, 2.4 million [US$31,500] yen per 1 kilometer if there are drains on both sides of the roads.
南相馬市はこうした単価を積み上げ、放射線量を測るモニタリングの費用などを含めて総額４００億円とはじき出した。１１年度に２２億円、１２年度に１９６億円、１３年度に１８２億円をあてる予定。市の１１年度一般会計当初予算は約２７７億円で、それぞれ市の予算規模に匹敵する額の発注になる。
Minami Soma City has calculated the total cost to be 40 billion yen, including the radiation monitoring cost. It will allocate 2.2 billion yen from the fiscal 2011 budget, 19.6 billion yen for the fiscal 2012, and 18.2 billion from the fiscal 2013. The fiscal 2011 regular initial budget was 27.7 billion yen. The amounts in the next two fiscal years would be almost equivalent to the city's budget.
市は、技術提案を審査する「指名型プロポーザル方式」で業者を選ぶことにし、ゼネコン２６社を指名して昨年１２月に受け付けを開始。市内の建設・塗装業者らでつくる協同組合を作業に加えることを条件にした。
The city adopted the system to ask specific companies to submit proposals, and already asked 26 general contractors to submit proposals in December last year. One of the condition of the proposals is to include the local cooperative made up of construction firms and painting firms in the decontamination projects.
１月２７日の期限までに、大手、準大手ゼネコンの６ＪＶが提案を市に出した。児玉龍彦・東京大教授が委員長を務める市の除染推進委員会が内容を評価し、近く１ＪＶを選ぶ。２月中にも除染を始めたい考えだ。
By the January 27 deadline, 6 joint ventures with top-tier and 2nd-tier general contractors as the heads of the ventures submitted their proposals to the city. The city's decontamination promotion committee headed by Professor Tatsuhiko Kodama of Tokyo University will evaluate the proposals and select one joint venture. The city wants decontamination to start in February.
１ＪＶへの一括発注について、南相馬市の羽山時夫・除染対策室長は「早急に除染を進めるため、技術や安全管理の面などで大手の業者が適当と考えた。同じ業者が２年間継続することで作業の進め方に柔軟性が出るうえ、作業員の確保も容易になる利点がある」と説明する。
As to selecting only one joint venture, the official in charge of decontamination in Minami Soma City explains, "In order to quickly proceed on decontamination, we think it is appropriate to select a large contractor for their technology and safety control. By having the same contractor for two years, the decontamination can be carried out in a flexible way and it will be easier to secure workers."
Big, national general contractors are indeed preferred over the local contractors when it comes to "recover and rebuild" Fukushima and other disaster-affected Tohoku because of supposed expertise and lower cost over the long run. I doubt that even they have accumulated enough "expertise" in "decontamination" since March 11, 2011, but it doesn't quite matter anyway.
What counts is having a big, national construction company well-connected with the national government come into town and hire subcontractors from the local, small contractors well-connected with the city politicians. Just like good old times in the bubbly days in the 1980s. From building nuclear power plants to city-wide decontamination, there is nothing that big, Japanese general contractors cannot do, given enough money.
And for selling nuclear reactors or melting furnaces and incinerators to process radioactive disaster debris, count on Hitachi. Or selling nuclear reactors or or leasing gamma cameras or selling household appliances for the temporary housing for the evacuees, count on Toshiba.
Teaming up with big businesses is a very familiar territory for any municipal government. The only odd thing about Minami Soma's decon business is that the committee to select the JV is headed by Professor Kodama, whose angry speech in the Diet criticizing the lack of response by the national government to the radiation contamination did trigger a response from the government.
Probably it wasn't quite a response that the professor was anticipating.
Just a friendly reminder of what the "decontamination" as defined by the Ministry of the Environment is: "It is like a cleaning job of stubborn dirt or stains", using scrubbing brushes, deck brushes, pressure washers, screw drivers, gloves, rubber boots, bags, rakes .... Oh and masks are optional.
Oh and the low level of radioactive gas may also have leaked.
30 gallons of water per hour = 113 liters of water per hour.
From Emformable (2/1/2012), citing the NRC event notification:
MANUAL TRIP DUE TO A PRIMARY TO SECONDARY LEAK GREATER THAN 30 GAL/HR
“At 1505 PST, Unit 3 entered Abnormal Operation Instruction S023-13-14 ‘Reactor Coolant Leak’ for a steam generator leak exceeding 5 gallons per day.
“At 1549 PST, the leak rate was determined to be 82 gallons per day. At 1610 PST, a leak rate greater than 75 gallons per day with an increasing rate of leakage exceeding 30 gallons per hour was established and entry into S023-13-28 ‘Rapid Power Reduction’ was performed.
“At 1630 PST, commenced rapid power reduction per S023-13-28 ‘Rapid Power Reduction’. At 1731 PST, with reactor power at 35% the Unit was manually tripped. At 1738 PST, Unit 3 entered Emergency Operation Instruction S023-12-4 ‘Steam Generator Tube Rupture’.
“At 1800 PST the affected steam generator was isolated.”
All control rods fully inserted on the trip. Decay heat is being removed thru the main steam bypass valves into the main condenser. Main feedwater is maintaining steam generator level. No relief valves lifted during the manual trip. The plant is in normal shutdown electrical lineup.
Unit 2 is presently in a refueling outage and was not affected by this event.
The licensee has notified the NRC Resident Inspector. The licensee has issued a press release.
As days go by, food in Japan doesn't look very appetizing, to say the least.
1. Radioactive mandarin orange from Kanagawa Prefecture
Radioactive cesium was found from the edible part of mandarin oranges (which in the US are called "satsuma" for some reason) and the skin. Security Tokyo is a private testing laboratory that uses the high-precision germanium semiconductor detector, not one of those fly-by-night testing "laboratories" cropping up in Japan (like the one who claimed to have "measured" high radioactive "iodine" in the snow in Hachioji. Totally false. Did I write about it? I don't remember...)
But here's the data from Security Tokyo:
Item: mandarin orange from Odawara City, Kanagawa Prefecture, purchased in a supermarket in Yokohama City
Date tested: January 31, 2012
Edible part:Outer skin:
- Iodine-131: ND
- Cesium-134: 2.7 becquerels/kg
- Cesium-137: 3.3 becquerels/kg
- Total cesium: 6 becquerels/kg
- Iodine-131: ND
- Cesium-134: 8.2 becquerels/kg
- Cesium-137: 9.8 becauerels/kg
- Total cesium: 18 becquerels/kg
The spectrum graph from Security Tokyo, with their permission:
Some Japanese people do use skin of the orange for other purposes than eating. Let's see, if each mandarin orange weighs 50 gram, it would take 20 oranges to reach 6 becquerels of radioactive cesium. If you eat 4 oranges at a time, it takes 5 servings to get 6 becquerels. In the big scheme of things in Japan these days, that may not much for many people, but there may be people who do not want to eat and do not want to have their toddlers eat this mandarin orange particularly when they still have a choice of buying from western Japan.
(Oh wait... If the skin is also radioactive, does that mean you would get radioactive cesium by peeling it by hand?)
Before the Fukushima accident, the amount of radioactive cesium in mandarin orange was ND (measuring Hokkaido's orange, information from Japan Chemical Analysis Center).
2. Milk Industry agrees to test milk to win trust from the customers. (Too late.)
The milk industry, which has adamantly refused to test milk that is sold in the marketplace and insisted that the raw milk tests done by the prefectures in Tohoku and Kanto are more than sufficient, now says it will test the milk it sells in the market to assure safety and trust. After more than 10 months, with actual detections of radioactive cesium in milk sold in the market.
From the announcement by the Japan Dairy Industry Association (emphasis is mine):
After the Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant accident and the resultant contamination of the environment with radioactive materials, there has been a heightened interest among consumers in the food safety.
However, there has been a strong demand to test milk for school lunch and release the test results from the citizens, and the Ministry of Health and Labor has subsequently requested us to make the test results public.
There will be a new set of safety standards for radioactive materials to be enacted in April to provide tighter control over the food safety.
Our stance has always been that our milk and milk products are made from the safe raw milk that undergoes monitoring tests [i.e. sample test] by the municipalities and therefore there is no need to test the final products. Judging from the levels of radioactive materials detected in the final products, we believe our products will conform to the new standard with no problem.Even though our thinking about testing hasn't changed, we've decided that it is appropriate to test milk at this juncture to make sure it tests below the new standard and to win the trust from our customers and make them feel at ease.
Therefore, on the following schedule, we will conduct the test and publish the results.
Oh how nice of them.
They will let you know at the end of February. People who have been pushing for testing the milk has nothing to say other than "Why bother at this point?"
3. Octopus with hair, nail, wristwatch
Lastly, a little macabre "hearsay" if you will, from someone who lives in Fukushima tweeting. From scanning her tweets I don't see any good reason for her to fabricate stories:
タコの加工業者さん タコを解体していると タコの中から髪の毛や爪がでてくるそうです...(消化されないから)板前さんも タコの中から腕時計が出てきたそうです。 雑食のタコは何でも食べるから...ウニも雑食らしいが 今年のウニは大きいって
I was told by someone in the business of processing octopuses. As he dismembers the octopuses he finds human hair and nails (because they don't get digested). A restaurant chef told me he found a wristwatch in an octopus. Octopuses are omnivores. I hear that "uni" (sea urchin) is also omnivores, and that they are big this year.
Other people have quickly chimed in, telling her that's quite normal; every fisherman knows that's how it goes after a big tsunami, they say.
So there was a leak at San Onofre, not just a possibility of a leak.
LA Times (2/1/2012):
L.A. NOW
Southern California -- this just in
Small leak at San Onofre nuclear power plant investigated
February 1, 2012 | 7:15 am
Southern California Edison officials continued their investigation Wednesday of a small water leak in one of two units at the San Onofre nuclear power plant.
The unit was shut down at 5:30 p.m. Tuesday after a sensor detected a leak in a steam generator tube; an assessment of the leak will determine its cause.
The shutdown was ordered out of precaution, Southern California Edison spokesman Gil Alexander said.
He said the incident was so minor "it wouldn't even qualify as the least severe" infraction under Nuclear Regulatory Commission guidelines.
The leak posed no risk to workers and did not require an evacuation, Alexander said.
The unit has a generating capacity of 1,100 megawatts power and is able to meet the needs of 700,000 Southern California homes.
The shutdown is not expected to affect customer's power supply.
Join Amazon Prime 
Shop Amazon Warehouse Deals - Deep Discounts on Open-box and Used Electronics
![[Most Recent Quotes from www.kitco.com]](http://www.kitconet.com/charts/metals/gold/t24_au_en_usoz_2.gif)
Tokyo Time
