#Fukushima I Nuke Plant Reactor 3 Steam: Part Rainwater, Part Leak from Containment Vessel, TEPCO Now Speculates

So, at least part of whatever is steaming on the operating floor of Reactor 3 is coming from inside the Containment Vessel after all.

Here we go again?

From TEPCO's email notice for the press on Reactor 3 operating floor steam, No.14 (latest), 7/26/2013:

〈湯気の発生メカニズム〉
シールドプラグの隙間から流れ落ちた雨水が原子炉格納容器ヘッドに加温されたことによるもののほか、原子炉圧力容器、原子炉格納容器への窒素封入量（16m3/h）と抽出量（約13m3/h）に差が確認されていることから、この差分（約3m3/h）の水蒸気を十分含んだ気体が原子炉格納容器ヘッド等から漏れている可能性が考えられ、これらの蒸気がシールドプラグの隙間を通して原子炉建屋５階上に放出した際、周りの空気が相対的に冷たかったため蒸気が冷やされ、湯気として可視化されたものと推定されます。

Mechanism of steam generation

In addition to rainwater seeped in from a gap in the shield plug and warmed by the Containment Vessel head, there is an observable difference(3 m3/hr) between the amount of nitrogen gas being injected into the Reactor Pressure Vessel and Containment Vessel (16 m3/hr) and the amount of nitrogen gas being extracted (about 13 m3/hr), and it is possible that this gaseous body (3 m3/hr) containing enough water vapor is leaking through the Containment Vessel head. We presume that when the vapor leaks through the gap in the shield plug onto the 5th floor of the reactor building, it is chilled by the air which is relatively colder than the vapor, and is visualized as steam.

Nitrogen injection into the Containment Vessel of Reactor 3 has been on-going since July 14, 2011. Start of nitrogen injection into Reactor 3 on July 14, 2011, only four months after the explosion, marked the completion of "step 1" of the famous "roadmap" to decommissioning.

I wonder whether the difference in the amount of nitrogen going in and coming out has always existed. As per TEPCO's open admission (that no one apparently noticed or cared) during the press conference that the steam rising from Reactor 3 in March 2011 was from inside the Containment Vessel, it looks safe to assume that the difference, if any, has been leaking from inside the Containment Vessel all along.

Whether the leak is through the CV head, as TEPCO says, or through somewhere else (like the open equipment hatch on the 1st floor) remains to be seen, I think.

Now that TEPCO has figured out why the steam is rising, the company will resume the work to clear the debris from the Reactor 3 operating floor to "test the validity of the evaluation", according to the notice.

By the way, the infrared thermography taken on October 14, 2011 seems to show the same location where the steam is rising now. The images use different temperature scales, but in both images the location temperature is between 30 and 35 degrees Celsius. It is just as hot today as it was in October 2011.

Infrared thermography of the location of the steam on July 24, 2013, from TEPCO (labels are mine):

Infrared thermography of the same location (or very close to it), on October 14, 2011, from TEPCO (labels are mine, and the white circle indicating the location):

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Latest Infrared Thermography of Reactor 3 Operating Floor Shows Steam Location at 34.3 Degrees Celsius from 5 Meters Above

(UPDATE) TEPCO now says it may be part rainwater, part leak from CV. See my latest post.

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and 30.7 degrees Celsius from 40 meters above.

Infrared thermography seems to show an odd-shaped heat source, possibly partially covered by something else.

TEPCO, who had finally taken infrared thermography on July 20 at the order of Nuclear Regulatory Authority but had done so on a wrong (sunny) day, re-did it in the early morning of July 24 with the similar condition as the day when the steam was first observed on July 18.

From TEPCO's Photos and Videos Library (English), 7/24/2013:

- Measurement date: 4:40 AM - 6:04 AM on July 24, 2013
- Weather condition as of 5:30 AM: Air temperature 18.6°C, humidity 91.1%, wind speed 1.3m/s, wind direction west-southwest
- Measurement height: 5 - 40m above the operating floor of the Reactor Building
- Measurement method:
An infrared camera, which was in continuous automatic shooting mode, was suspended by a
crane at the upper part of the Reactor Building, and it photographed at varying height.
Data was checked after the infrared camera was collected

Steam location, from 5 meters above:

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